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中考英語(yǔ)之定語(yǔ)從句剖析
一．定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句加定語(yǔ)從句。
二．定語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)：
1.先行詞：定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞
2. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞：1）引出定語(yǔ)從句，并作從句的一個(gè)成分。可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，
作賓語(yǔ)可省略。
2）關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間。
關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose，代指先行詞。
關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
三．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+定語(yǔ)從句
四．關(guān)系代詞的用法：
1. that 和which
that指人或物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略，主語(yǔ)不能。
Which指物，不指人，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略，主語(yǔ)不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes Tvsets.
Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?
The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.
注意：The room in which I live is very big.(在介詞后面不能用that)
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2.只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：
1) 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用that
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用that
The children like the second lesson that is about The Football Match.
3）先行詞被the only，the very 或the same等修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。
It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?
This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.
4）先行詞為everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用that
Here is something (that) I will tell you.
I want everything (that) I want.
I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.
5)先行詞被不定代詞修飾時(shí)（all，any，no,every,little,much,many），定語(yǔ)從句只能用that
Here is all the money (that) I have.
6)先行詞是同時(shí)含有人和物的名詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用that
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room..
7)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞為the one 時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)
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Is it the one（that）you want？
8）為了避免重復(fù)，在疑問詞who之后，用that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
Who is the girl that won the first place?
3. who和whom
who指人，在句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。
Whom指人，在句中只能作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。
Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.
=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.
五． 關(guān)系副詞的用法：
1. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
when=on which
2.where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
=This is the house (which/that) I lived in two years ago.
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