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英語(yǔ)從句總復(fù)習(xí)參考

時(shí)間:2022-06-22 19:53:13 其他 我要投稿
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英語(yǔ)從句總復(fù)習(xí)參考

  名師指導(dǎo):英語(yǔ)從句總復(fù)習(xí)

英語(yǔ)從句總復(fù)習(xí)參考

  1)表語(yǔ)從句

  1.定義:用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句。

  2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句

  3.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類(lèi):

 。1)從屬連詞that.如:

  The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。

  (2)從屬連詞whether,as,as if.如:

  He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。

  The question is whether they will be able to help us.問(wèn)題是他們是否能幫我們。

  注:從屬連詞if一般不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,如:

  All this was over twenty years ago,but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

  這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。

  能跟表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be,seem,look等。如:

  It looked as if it was going to rain.看起來(lái)天要下雨了。

  (3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

  連接副詞 where,when,how,why.

  如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。

  The question is how he did it.問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。

  That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。

  解釋?zhuān)?/p>

  1.連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。如:

  I think it is because you are doing too much.我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?/p>

  2.在一些表示“建議、勸說(shuō)、命令”的名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示,should可省略。如:

  My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。

  2)主語(yǔ)從句

  1.定義:用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。

  2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句

  3.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類(lèi):

 。1)從屬連詞that.如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

  很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。

 。2)從屬連詞whether.如:

  Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否會(huì)來(lái)這里還不清楚。

 。3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

  連接副詞 where,when,how,why.如:

  What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

  How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰(shuí)也不清楚。

  Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰(shuí)來(lái)都?xì)g迎。

  Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。

  解釋?zhuān)?/p>

  1.主語(yǔ)從句能用it作形式上的主語(yǔ)。常以it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型有:

  A.It+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that從句。如:

  It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)她考試成績(jī)會(huì)很好。

  It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。

  B.It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that從句。如:

  It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遺憾我們不能去。

  It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我們沒(méi)贏這場(chǎng)比賽真意外。

  C.It+be+過(guò)去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that從句。如:

  It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說(shuō)格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。

  It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

  據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。

  D.It+seem,happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)+that從句。如:

  It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。

  It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

  E.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference,etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語(yǔ)從句。如:

  It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否來(lái)這無(wú)關(guān)緊要。

  It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們?cè)谀睦镩_(kāi)會(huì)毫無(wú)區(qū)別。

  F.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí),要以it作形式主語(yǔ),而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。如:

  Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎?

  Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來(lái)很要緊嗎?

  G.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí),要以it作形式主語(yǔ),而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。如:

  How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!

  2.注意連接代詞whoever,whatever,whichever等引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的含義。

  Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)來(lái)的人將受到歡迎。

  Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正確的。

  Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你們當(dāng)中不論哪個(gè)進(jìn)來(lái)將會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)

  3)賓語(yǔ)從句

  1.定義:用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。

  2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。

  3.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類(lèi):

 。1)從屬連詞that.如:

  He told us that he felt ill.他對(duì)我們說(shuō)他感到不舒服。

  I know he has returned.我知道他已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。

  注: that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下,that不能省略。

  1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,that賓語(yǔ)從句放在and的后面時(shí),that不能省略。)

  大家都會(huì)看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

  2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不能省略。)

  對(duì)他我一無(wú)所知,只知道他是南方人。

  3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that從句位于句首時(shí),that不可省略。)

  我簡(jiǎn)直不相信他曾說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的話。

  4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ),that不可省略。)

  鑒于他的特殊情況,我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。

  (2)從屬連詞if/whether.如:

  I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會(huì)成功。

  I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。

  (3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,w

  [1][2][3]下一頁(yè)

  [1][2][3]下一頁(yè)

  名師指導(dǎo):英語(yǔ)從句總復(fù)習(xí)

  hich,whoever,whatever,whichever

  連接副詞 where,when,how,why.

  如:

  Who or what he was,Martin never learned.

  他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。

  I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要給我寫(xiě)信說(shuō)什么事。

  I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我會(huì)告訴你我為什么要你來(lái)。

  You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。

 。1)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句

  賓語(yǔ)從句也可用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如:

  He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

  他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。

  I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。

  I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要說(shuō)什么。

  Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

  你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。

  有時(shí)介詞可以省略。如:

  I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管誰(shuí)跟他結(jié)婚。

  Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做這件事的方式。

  解釋?zhuān)?/p>

  1.如果賓語(yǔ)從句后還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),則用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。如:

  We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

  我們認(rèn)為小王昨天沒(méi)來(lái)是奇怪的。

  He has made it clear that he will not give in.

  他已表明他不會(huì)屈服。

  2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ):連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語(yǔ),只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo),則需用it先行一步,作形式賓語(yǔ)。如:

  He is a good student except that he is careless.

  他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生,只是有點(diǎn)粗心。

  You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我會(huì)幫助你的。

  介詞賓語(yǔ)不可以用which來(lái)引導(dǎo),而要用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如:

  Are you sorry for what you’ve done?

  你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎?

  3.某些形容詞或過(guò)去分詞后常接賓語(yǔ)從句,這類(lèi)形容詞或過(guò)去分詞有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,連詞that可省略。如:

  I am not sure what I ought to do.

  我不能確定我該做什么。

  I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.

  恐怕你沒(méi)領(lǐng)會(huì)我說(shuō)的意思。

  I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.

  我好奇怪,我以前沒(méi)看到過(guò)。

  Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

  媽媽為她的女兒通過(guò)了考試而感到高興。

  4.連詞whether (…or not)或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以互換使用,但whether常和or not連用,if一般不與or not連用。如:

  I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

  用if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句如果會(huì)引起歧義,應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter.試比較:

  Please let me know if you want to go.

  Please let me know whether you want to go.

  if從句可理解為賓語(yǔ)從句,意為“請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想去”;此句又可理解為條件狀語(yǔ)從句意為“如果你想去的話,請(qǐng)告訴我一聲”。

  5.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意思,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问。如?/p>

  I don’t think you are right.我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。

  I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。

  I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是嗎?

  6.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律:

 。1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時(shí)態(tài)。

 。2)當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句只能使用過(guò)去范圍內(nèi)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如:

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

  老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行。

  4)同位語(yǔ)從句

  1.定義:用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。

  2.用法:同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞多為fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that.如:

  They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

  對(duì)你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。

  Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

  你在哪兒聽(tīng)說(shuō)我不能來(lái)?

  Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

  德國(guó)已對(duì)俄國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來(lái)了。

  注:同位語(yǔ)從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如:

  I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否來(lái)。

  連接代詞who,which,what和連接副詞where,when,why,how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

  The question who should do the work requires consideration.

  誰(shuí)該干這項(xiàng)工作,這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要考慮。

  We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

  到哪兒去度暑假,這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有決定。

  It is a question how he did it.

  那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問(wèn)題。

  解釋?zhuān)?/p>

  1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句之區(qū)別

  that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句

  that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  句法功能上

  that只起連接從句的作用,無(wú)意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。

  that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用,還充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。如在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

  意義上

  從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。

  從句起限定作用,是定語(yǔ)

  如:The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位語(yǔ)從句,that不可省。)

  李先生將是我們的新英語(yǔ)老師這個(gè)消息是真的。

  The news (that)he told me yesterday is true.(定語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ),可省。)

  他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。

  2.一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should+動(dòng)詞原形表示。should可省。如:

  This is our only request that this (should)be settled as soon as possible.

  這就是我們唯一的請(qǐng)求:盡快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

 。6)不定式的構(gòu)成

  1.不定式的構(gòu)成

  不定式是由不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,在某些情況下to也可省略。

  不定式一般有時(shí)式和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化,通常有下表中的幾種形式(以do為例):

  主動(dòng)式 to do

  被動(dòng)式 to be done

  完成式to have done /to have been done

  進(jìn)行式 to be doing

  完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing

  1)不定式的一般式

  不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生。如:

  They invited us to go there this summer.他們邀請(qǐng)我們今年夏天去那兒。

  

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