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高二英語詞匯重點知識總結(jié)
總結(jié)是指社會團體、企業(yè)單位和個人對某一階段的學習、工作或其完成情況加以回顧和分析,得出教訓和一些規(guī)律性認識的一種書面材料,它能夠給人努力工作的動力,為此我們要做好回顧,寫好總結(jié)。我們該怎么寫總結(jié)呢?以下是小編收集整理的高二英語詞匯重點知識總結(jié),希望能夠幫助到大家。
1.eager(keen,anxious) adj.熱切的;渴望的(after,about,for)
The boy was eager for success.男孩子急于獲得成功。
He is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriends.他盼望他的父母去見他的女朋友。
The saleswoman in the shop is always eager to please everybody.
“商店里的那個女售貨員總是十分殷勤,希望使人人滿意。”
【習慣用語】
be eager for渴望,渴求,爭取
be eager about渴望,渴求,爭取
be eager after渴望,渴求,爭取
be eager to do急欲,渴望做
【參考詞匯】
eager /keen /anxious意思都含“渴望的”。
eager指“以巨大的熱情渴望實現(xiàn)愿望或達到目的的”,有時也指“由于其他感情影響而表現(xiàn)急不可耐的”,如:
He was eager to see her.他渴望見到她。
keen指“對某人、某物懷有極大興趣或熱情的”,如:They were keen to win.他們急于取勝。
anxious指“熱切地希望實現(xiàn)愿望,并因顧慮愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦慮的”,如:l‘m anxious to know the final result.我急于想知道最后的結(jié)果。
eagerly adv. eagerness n.
2.work/task/ duty/job/responsibility
【參考詞匯】
work常指正式職業(yè)和職位的經(jīng)常性、一般性工作,不含有“艱巨”、“沉重”等意思。是不可數(shù)名詞。at work在工作
work hard at努力工作(或?qū)W習);out of work失業(yè)。My work is as a doctor.我當醫(yī)生(職業(yè))。
task一般指必須完成的“任務”,是可數(shù)名詞。如:Mother set me the task of sweeping the floor.母親把掃地的任務交給了我。task往往含有“艱巨”、“沉重”等意思。而work除另有修飾語外不含此種意思。
duty指“道義上的責任”,較強調(diào)“自覺性”,如:Every citizen has the duty to construct his country.每個公民都有建設祖國的責任。
job指“活、事、一份工作”時是可數(shù)名詞,多指為換取報酬而進行的日;顒樱戎缸鳛槟橙说氖炙、行業(yè)或職業(yè)的工作?蓴(shù)。Washing the windows is not my job.洗窗子不是我的事兒(任務)。習慣表達:a good job一件好事lose one’s job失業(yè)be out of a job失業(yè)do a good job干的不錯
It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours aday.修理自行車就是他的話,而且常常是一天要干14個小時。
responsibility指“由于法律、職業(yè)或道德等的要求而應盡的責任”,含有“法津上對后果負責任”的意味,如:
The resposibility rests on us.這由我們負責。Do not forget your duty to your parents.不要忘記對父母應盡的責任。
3.course n.過程;經(jīng)過;進程
in the course of discussion在討論期間
道路;路線;方向The ship was blown off course.那船被吹離航線。
【習慣用語】
in course of在...的過程中
in due course在適當?shù)臅r候;不久以后
in the courts of在...期間
during the course of在...期間
4.meanwhile adv.此時同時
They‘ll be here soon. Meanwhile we’ll have some coffee.他們即刻就到,我們現(xiàn)在先喝點咖啡。
Meanwhile,my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.
與此同時,我的舌頭忙于尋找被拔牙齒的傷口。
Meanwhile,two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees.
與此同時,另外兩位演員把兩個盛著食物的大籃子拿到樹下蔭涼的地方。
Jane was writing a letter and meanwhile Pat was watching T.V..簡在寫信,而在此同時帕特在看電視。
5.case n.事;事例
This is a case of stupidity,not dishonesty.這只是個愚蠢的例子,并非不誠實。
情形;場合;狀況‘Well,in that case,I would prefer to stay on the bus,’ I answered. `唉,那樣的話,我寧愿留在車上啦,‘我回答說。
a case of poverty窮苦的情形
病癥;病例This is a case of fever.這是一發(fā)燒的病例。
案件;訴訟a difficult case to prove一個很難辦的案子
In this case I’m acting for my friend Mr Smith.我在這次訴訟中代表我的朋友史密斯的利益。
The case against Mr. White is said to be heard tomorrow.據(jù)說懷特先生被起訴一案定于明天開庭。
The case was settled out of court.這案件在庭外解決。
事實;實情The police have a clear case against the prisoner.警察有充足的事實對付那個囚犯。
Is that the case? No,that‘s not the case.事實是那樣嗎?不,事實并非如此。
【習慣用語】
in case假使,以防(引導虛擬語氣)
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.倘若太陽很利害,你就把帽子戴上。
in case of假如;如果;萬一In case of rain they can’t go.萬一下雨,他們就不能去了。
in any case無論如何,不管怎樣
in no case決不;無論如何不
in that case如果是那樣的話
in this case假如這樣的話
in the case of就...來說,關于
6.accuse vt. accused,accusing控告;指控
The police accused him of murder.警方指控他謀殺。 The police accused him of stealing.警方控告他犯有盜竊罪。
Mary was accused as an accomplice.瑪麗被指控為同謀犯。
■accuse/charge
兩個動詞都有“控訴,指控”之意,但它們后面所搭配的介詞不同。
accuse v.指控,控訴,與介詞of連用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盜竊罪。
charge v.可以指因為小錯而受的責備,也指因違法而受到控告,與介詞with連用。
The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了謀殺罪。
【常用搭配】
in charge of主管,看管in(under)the charge of在……的掌管下
charge sb.with指控某人………
charge(sb.)…(money)for sth.要價,要(某人)付….(錢)買某物
take charge開始管理,接管
7.deny vt. denied,denying否認;否定;拒絕相信
He said that I had stolen his bicycle,but I denied it.他說我偷了他的自行車,可是我否認了。
背棄;摒棄He denied his country.他背棄了自己的國家。
拒絕;不給;不予;不允許He denies his wife nothing.他對他的妻子有求必應。
【習慣用語】
deny oneself自制;克己;舍棄
●deny /decline /refuse /reject都含“拒絕”的意思。
▲deny指“堅定地否認某事為真實的”,如:He denied the charge.他否認了控告。
deny doing(否認做過某事);deny sb. sth(拒絕給某人某物)。Deny+that從句
▲decline指“較正式地、有禮貌地謝絕”,如:He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。主要用于拒絕有關社交活動的邀請或要求幫助的請求,后接名詞或動詞不定式,主語只能是人。I invited her to join us,but she declined.我邀請她和我們在一起,可是她婉言謝絕了。
▲refuse系普通用語,指“堅決、果斷或坦率地(不友善地)拒絕”,如:He refused to take the money.他拒絕接受此款。
▲reject指“以否定、敵對的態(tài)度而當面拒絕”(指通過拋棄或送走、專橫地拒絕),主語可以是人或物,后接名詞,不能接動詞不定式。如:They rejected damaged goods.他們拒收損壞的貨物。He asked her to go to the movies three times,and each time she rejected him.他三次約她去看電影,但每一次都被拒絕。
8.defend vt.保衛(wèi);防護;防守
She had to defend herself against the guard dog.她不得不防備看門狗咬她。
辯護;辯解;守衛(wèi);防御
He‘s better at defending than attacking.他的防守優(yōu)于進攻。 The accused man had a lawyer to defend him.被告有一律師為他辯護。
【習慣用語】
defend against保衛(wèi);抵抗defend from保護,保衛(wèi)(使不受傷害)
【參考詞匯】
defend /guard /protect /preserve都含“保護”、“使安全”的意思。
defend指“保衛(wèi)”、“防御”,應用范圍很廣,對象可以是具體的,也可以是抽象的,用于defend sb. against / from harm結(jié)構(gòu)。如:defend oneself against enemy防御敵人。
guard指“注意觀察、戒備,以免受可能的攻擊或傷害”,如:guard a coastline守衛(wèi)海岸線。
protect指“保護...以免遭受危險或傷害等”,常用protect sb. from sth./against sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:protect the children from harm保護兒童免受傷害。
preserve指“防護、保存...免被分解或腐爛”,如:Salt preserves food from decay.鹽能防止食物腐爛。
secure指確保不會發(fā)生意外等如secure oneself against/from danger使自己免于危險。
By strengthening the river banks,the city secured itself against flood.由于加強了河堤,該城可確保免受水災。
9.normal adj.正常的;常態(tài)的;一般的
The normal price of a ticket if $230!一張票的正常價格是230英鎊。
above [below] normal標準以上[下] return to normal恢復正常
The rain raised the river two meters above normal.雨水使得這條河水位超出標準兩米。
智力正常的;身心健全的a normal child
【參考詞匯】
■normal /ordinary /regular都含“正常的”、“正規(guī)的” 、“普通的”的意思。
normal指“正常的”、“正規(guī)的”、“常態(tài)的”,如:the normal temperature of the human body人的正常體溫。
ordinary強調(diào)“平常的”、“平淡無奇的”,常指人或事物不特殊。如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk.他通常的晚餐不過是面包和牛奶。an ordinary day’s work日常工作。
regular指“有規(guī)律的”、“正規(guī)的”、“定期的”,如:He kept regular hours.他過著有規(guī)律的生活。
common強調(diào)“常見的”、“不足為奇的”,如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常見。common knowledge/sense常識
general意為“普遍的”、“一般的”,如:This book is intended for the general reader,not for the specialist.這本書是為一般讀者寫的,不是為專家寫的。
10.注意幾個表否定的副詞
▲seldom adv.不常,很少
The children are seldom ill.這些孩子很少生病。Opportunity seldom knocks twice.機不可失,時不再來。
▲barely adv.貧乏地;剛剛
They had barely time to catch the plane.他們差點沒來得及趕上飛機。
The committee had barely entered into the matter when he felt dizzy.委員會剛開始討論此事,他就感到頭暈了。
He had barely enough money to buy food.他僅有剛夠買食物的錢。
▲hardly adv.幾乎不;簡直不
This is hardly the time to discuss such matters.在現(xiàn)在討論這事根本不合適。
It was so dark that I could hardly see.天那么黑,我簡直看不見了。
I can hardly ask him directly for more money.我絕不能直接向他多要錢。
He hardly ever eats meat.他從來不吃肉。 Peter is hardly ever late.瑪麗幾乎從不遲到。
【習慣用語】
hardly any幾乎沒有hardly ever很少
▲scarcely adv.不足地,不充分地,幾乎沒有
There is scarcely enough food.幾乎沒有足夠的食物。
There was scarcely anything mentioned about that contract.關于那份合同幾乎什么也沒提到。
…scarcely ….when/before…剛…一...就... (=…h(huán)ardly…when…= …no sooner…than….)
▲narrowly adv.僅僅;勉強;恰好
One car narrowly missed hitting the other one.一輛車差點兒和另一輛相撞。
The boy narrowly escaped being drowned.那個男孩差一點被淹死。
▲nearly adv.幾乎,差不多
The job‘s nearly finished.這工作差不多完成了。 She nearly died.她差點兒死了。
Nearly everybody enters for ’The Nicest Garden Competition‘ each year,but Joe wins every time.
幾乎每個人都參加一年一度’最佳花園賽‘,但喬每次都奪魁。
I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman.我朝下一望看到一個警察時,差上點從梯子上掉下來
▲rarely adv.難得,很少
She is old and rarely goes out.她年紀大了,很少外出。
He rarely comes here anymore.現(xiàn)在他難得來這兒。
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. `大本鐘’很少出差錯。
Peter is rarely / seldom late.彼得不常遲到。;彼得很少遲到。
11.accurate adj.準確的;精確的accurately adv. accurateness n.
an accurate answer準確的答案
Is this watch accurate?這只表準嗎?
【參考詞匯】
accurate /correct /exact均含“正確的”意思。
accurate表示“準確的”,精確的”,指“通過努力,使事情達到正確”,指某人或某事不僅不出錯,而且與事實無出入,強調(diào)準確性如:She gave an accurate account of the accident.她對事故做了準確的描述。
correct為一般用語,指“正確的”,指某人或某事合乎事實或公認的標準或規(guī)則,沒有錯誤
如:He gave correct answers to the questions.他對這些問題提出了正確的答案。 correct vt.改正;糾正Please correct this mistake.請改正這個錯誤。
exact表示“確切的”,“精確無誤的”,指“與事實完全相符”,語氣較accurate強,指某人或某事數(shù)量或質(zhì)量完全符合事實或標準,而且在細致末節(jié)上也絲毫不差。如:His answer is quite exact.他的回答完全正確。
The exact date of the event has escaped me.我記不起這起事件的確切日期了。
proper含有生來就具備適宜性質(zhì)的含義,還表示某物具有它應當具備的性質(zhì)。如:do sth. the proper way以適當?shù)姆绞阶瞿呈?/p>
Appropriate“正確的;適當?shù)摹保高m合于特殊的人及場合,地位等。強調(diào)自然具備適宜的性質(zhì)。如:an appropriate example適當?shù)睦?/p>
fit意為某人或某物在目的上用途上適合。如:Your clothes fit well.你的衣服很合身。
The trousers don‘t fit him,they are too small.這條褲子他穿不合身,太小了。
This coat’s a beautiful fit to you.這件外衣對你非常合身。He runs to keep fit.他跑步為了保持健康。
suitable意味著適合某種情況。如:This toy is not suitable for young children.這個玩具不適合小小孩玩。
This wine is not suitable to my taste.這酒不合我的胃口。
12.approve vt.,vi. Approved—approving批準;認可;通過[反意詞disapprove]
approve屬常用詞,表示“官方或正式批準”,用于上級對下級,長輩對晚輩,如:My father approved my going to the border regions.我父親同意我去邊區(qū)。
My parents don‘t approve of me smoking cigarettes.我的父母不準許我吸煙。
The resolution was approved 82 to 16 with 18 abstentions.決議以八十二票對十六票通過,十八票棄權。
The mayoress approved the new building plans.女市長批準了新建筑計劃。
(常與of連用)贊成,贊同I don’t approve of wasting time.我不贊成浪費時間。
I don‘t approve of smoking.我不贊成抽煙。
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.他父親永遠不會同意她和你結(jié)婚。
13.process n. (大自然的)作用,活動the process of breathing呼吸作用
步驟the process of learning to read
學習閱讀的步驟The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place.公司目前正在把主要設備遷到新地址去。
過程the process of digestion
vt.加工(食品等);沖洗One has to process a photographic film to print pictures from it.必須先處理照相底片才能沖印出相片。
〈計〉處理;小心準備;仔細檢查
The plans are now being processed.計劃現(xiàn)正在審查。
14.intention n.計劃;目的
I began reading with the intention of finishing the book,but I never did.我開始讀這本書時想讀完它,可是我從來就沒把它讀完。
He has no intention of marrying yet.他還沒有要結(jié)婚的打算。
What is your intention?你的意圖究竟是什么?
【習慣用語】
by intention故意
have no intention of doing ...無意做... the intention of a clause條款的意旨
with the intention of抱有...目的,打算
with the best of intentions好心好意,出于一片好心
without intention無意中,不是故意地.如:If I’ve hurt your feelings,it was quite without intention.如果我傷了你的感情那完全是無意的。
15.ahead of adv.,adj.在前;向前;提前
Walk straight ahead until you reach the river.一直朝前走到河邊。
The road ahead was full of cattle.前面的路上擠滿了牛群。
Owing to our joint efforts,the task was fulfilled ahead of time.由于我們的共同努力,任務提前完成了。
【習慣用語】
be ahead [美口]占優(yōu)勢,可望取勝;贏錢,賺錢
ahead of在...前頭;早于;超過。如:ahead of time [schedule]提前
Go ahead!前進,有進展;繼續(xù)干下去
16.employ vt. Employed—employing雇用;使用
The firm employs about 100 men.這家公司大約雇了100人。
This motor plant is employing three thousand workers.這家汽車工廠雇用著三千員工。
The firm employs the retired professor as an adviser.這家公司聘這們退休的教授擔任顧問。
She employs her time wisely.她善于利用時間。
【習慣用語】
in the employ of被…雇用。如:I have been for over five years in the employ of an exporting company.本人曾經(jīng)前后五年被受雇于出口貿(mào)易公司。
in sb.‘s employ受...雇用。如:The company should aid those in its employ in everything..
out of employ失業(yè)。如:Because of the typhoon “Saomai (桑美)”,many of the workers are out of employ.
employ oneself in從事于,時間花在... He employed himself (in) teaching English.他從事英語教學工作。
employ oneself on從事于,時間花在...
employ oneself doing從事于,時間花在...
employ... as把...用作。如:He employed the girl as a typist.他雇用那位小姐當打字員。
Employ English as a common language.把英語當作共同語言使用。
▲hire /employ/rent
hire解作“雇用”時與employ同義,但用法稍有不同。hire是一般用法,指普通的雇用,可用于人或物,如:hire a servant、hire Whe hire a taxi downtown.我們乘計程汽車入市區(qū)。
employ是較正式的用語,一般指大公司聘用職員,如employ a teacher、employ a clerk、employ a manager等。
rent只可用于物件(尤其建筑物類),如:
The holiday-makers rented a jeep for their journey.那些度假人士租用一輛吉普車去旅行。
Unable to afford a flat,the newly-weds have to rent a room.那對新婚夫婦因買不起一套房子而只好租住一個房間。
17.cover vt. (常與with連用)蓋;覆蓋
She covered the table with a cloth.她用一塊布把桌子罩起來。 be covered with snow all the year round終年積雪
占(時間或空間) The town covers 5 square miles.小鎮(zhèn)占地5平方英里。
行過(路程);通過I want to cover 100 miles by dark.我想在天黑之前走完100英里。
報導;對…進行新聞采訪cover a fire for a newspaper為報紙采訪失火的新聞
包括;包含;論及The review covered everything we learned last term.這次復習包括上學期我們所學的全部課程。His studies covered a wide field.他的知識淵博。
【習慣用語】
be covered with蓋滿,覆滿充滿(羞慚,慌亂等),不勝...
from cover to cover從頭到尾一頁不漏
under the cover of在...掩護下;打著...的幌子
cover up完全蓋住,蓋好
cover n.遮蓋物蓋子;罩子(圖書、雜志的)封面
The book had a blue cover.這本書有一個藍色的封面。
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