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春節(jié)的來(lái)歷和習(xí)俗英文
春節(jié)的來(lái)歷和習(xí)俗英文
The Origin of Chinese New Year
The Chinese New Year is now popularly known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the Begining of Spring (the first of the twenty-four terms in coodination with the changes of Nature). Its origin is too old to be traced. Several explanations are hanging around. All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means year, was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year.
One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite. People were very scared. One day, an old man came to their rescue, offering to subdue Nian. To Nian he said, I hear say that you are very capable, but can you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents? So, it did swallow many of the beasts of prey on earth that also harrassed people and their domestic animals from time to time.
After that, the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian. He turned out to be an immortal god. Now that Nian is gone and other beasts of prey are also scared into forests, people begin to enjoy their peaceful life. Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each year's end to scare away Nian in case it sneaked back again, because red is the color the beast feared the most.
From then on, the tradition of observing the conquest of Nian is carried on from generation to generation. The term Guo Nian, which may mean Survive the Nian becomes today Celebrate the (New) Year as the word guo in Chinese having both the meaning of pass-over and observe. The custom of putting up red paper and firing fire-crackers to scare away Nian should it have a chance to run loose is still around. However, people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, except that they feel the color and the sound add to the excitement of the celebration.
春節(jié)的由來(lái)2：冬去春來(lái) Origin
China's traditional festivals have evolved through the centuries from past major events. For instance, long ago when people had a bountiful harvest, they gathered and celebrated their good fortune with gala performances. When natural disasters struck, they offered sacrifices to the gods and their ancestors, hoping for a blessing. The change of the seasons, flowers in spring, and the bright moon in autumn could all arouse their longing for a more beautiful life. Thus, creative activities were held to signify these events, Gradually these activities developed into festivals. The most important festival in China is the Spring Festival. It is said that the Spring Festival evolved from an activity known as the Winter Sacrifice. It was a custom practiced by the people of primitive society. As the cold winter began to recede and the warm spring was about to begin, the people of an entire clan gathered together. They brought out their bounty from hunting, fishing and the field. They thanked the gods for the blessings of nature, including the mountains, rivers, the sun ,moon and stars, They thanked their ancestors, then they shared and enjoyed the sumptuous bounty of the land, sea, air and fields as they ate, danced and sang heartily.
In the beginning, their activity had no fixed date. But usually it was held at the end of each winter. Gradually, through the years, it was celebrated at the end of the old year or the beginning of the new. With the changes and disintegration of primitive society, the form and content of the Winter Sacrifice also changed. Ultimately, it became a festival to bid farewell to the old year and welcome in the new year. So it came to be called the Spring Festival.
中文版春節(jié)的由來(lái)：
春節(jié)是中國(guó)非常傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日，也是中國(guó)人民最喜愛(ài)的節(jié)日。春節(jié)，是農(nóng)歷正月初一，又叫陰歷年，俗稱“過(guò)年”。這是我國(guó)民間最隆重、最熱鬧的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。春節(jié)的歷史很悠久，它起源于殷商時(shí)期年頭歲尾的祭神祭祖活動(dòng)。按照我國(guó)農(nóng)歷，正月初一古稱元日、元辰、元正、元朔、元旦等，俗稱年初一，到了民國(guó)時(shí)期，改用公歷，公歷的一月一日稱為元旦，把農(nóng)歷的一月一日叫春節(jié)。
春節(jié)到了，意味著春天將要來(lái)臨，萬(wàn)象復(fù)蘇草木更新，新一輪播種和收獲季節(jié)又要開(kāi)始。人們剛剛度過(guò)冰天雪地草木凋零的漫漫寒冬，早就盼望著春暖花開(kāi)的日子，當(dāng)新春到來(lái)之際，自然要充滿喜悅載歌載舞地迎接這個(gè)節(jié)日。千百年來(lái)，人們使年俗慶�；顒�(dòng)變得異常豐富多彩，每年從農(nóng)歷臘月二十三日起到年三十，民間把這段時(shí)間叫做“迎春日”，也叫“掃塵日”，在春節(jié)前掃塵搞衛(wèi)生，是我國(guó)人民素有的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣。然后就是家家戶戶準(zhǔn)備年貨，節(jié)前十天左右，人們就開(kāi)始忙于采購(gòu)物品，年貨包括雞鴨魚(yú)肉、茶酒油醬、南北炒貨、糖餌果品，都要采買(mǎi)充足，還要準(zhǔn)備一些過(guò)年時(shí)走親訪友時(shí)贈(zèng)送的禮品，小孩子要添置新衣新帽，準(zhǔn)備過(guò)年時(shí)穿。
在節(jié)前要在住宅的大門(mén)上粘貼紅紙黃字的新年寄語(yǔ)，也就是用紅紙寫(xiě)成的春聯(lián)。屋里張貼色彩鮮艷寓意吉祥的年畫(huà)，心靈手巧的姑娘們剪出美麗的窗花貼在窗戶上，門(mén)前掛大紅燈籠或貼福字及財(cái)神、門(mén)神像等，福字還可以倒貼，路人一念福倒了，也就是福氣到了，所有這些活動(dòng)都是要為節(jié)日增添足夠的喜慶氣氛。
春節(jié)的另一名稱叫過(guò)年。在過(guò)去的傳說(shuō)中，年是一種為人們帶來(lái)壞運(yùn)氣的想象中的動(dòng)物。年一來(lái)。樹(shù)木凋蔽，百草不生;年一過(guò)，萬(wàn)物生長(zhǎng)，鮮花遍地。年如何才能過(guò)去呢?需用鞭炮轟 ，于是有了燃鞭炮的習(xí)俗，這其實(shí)也是烘托熱鬧場(chǎng)面的又一種方式。
春節(jié)是個(gè)歡樂(lè)祥和的節(jié)日，也是親人團(tuán)聚的日子，離家在外的孩子在過(guò)春節(jié)時(shí)都要回家歡聚。過(guò)年的前一夜，就是舊年的臘月三十夜，也叫除夕，又叫團(tuán)圓夜，在這新舊交替的時(shí)候，守歲是最重要的年俗活動(dòng)之一，除夕晚上，全家老小都一起熬年守歲，歡聚酣飲，共享天倫之樂(lè)，北方地區(qū)在除夕有吃餃子的習(xí)俗，餃子的作法是先和面，和字就是合;餃子的餃和交諧音，合和交有相聚之意，又取更歲交子之意。在南方有過(guò)年吃年糕的習(xí)慣，甜甜的粘粘的年糕，象征新一年生活甜蜜蜜，步步高�？焖俨榭丛┑挠蓙�(lái)。
待第一聲雞啼響起，或是新年的鐘聲敲過(guò)，街上鞭炮齊鳴，響聲此起彼伏，家家喜氣洋洋，新的一年開(kāi)始了，男女老少都穿著節(jié)日盛裝，先給家族中的長(zhǎng)者拜年祝壽，節(jié)中還有給兒童壓歲錢(qián)，吃團(tuán)年飯，初二、三就開(kāi)始走親戚看朋友，相互拜年，道賀祝福，說(shuō)些恭賀新喜、恭喜發(fā)財(cái)、恭喜、過(guò)年好等話，祭祖等活動(dòng)。
節(jié)日的熱烈氣氛不僅洋溢在各家各戶，也充滿各地的大街小巷，一些地方的街市上還有舞獅子，耍龍燈，演社火，游花市，逛廟會(huì)等習(xí)俗。這期間花燈滿城，游人滿街，熱鬧非凡，盛況空前，直要鬧到正月十五元宵節(jié)過(guò)后，春節(jié)才算真正結(jié)束了。
春節(jié)是漢族最重要的節(jié)日，但是滿、蒙古，瑤、壯、白、高山、赫哲、哈尼、達(dá)斡爾、侗、黎等十幾個(gè)少數(shù)民族也有過(guò)春節(jié)的習(xí)俗，只是過(guò)節(jié)的形式更有自己的民族特色，更蘊(yùn)味無(wú)窮。
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